What are the possible treatments for femoral head osteonecrosis?

They depend primarily upon the degree and extension of the necrotic area.

In cases of low-grade damage and those of minimum size, conservative treatments can be tried such as weight bearing restriction and hyperbaric oxygen therapy and/or shock wave therapy; in cases with a greater degree of damage or those that are larger in size, surgery is required to remove the necrotic tissue and possibly growth factors (bone morphogenetic protein) and/or mesenchymal stromal cells and/or support scaffolds can be implanted.

In cases where there is impaired cortical profile and/or cartilage alterations, prosthetic replacement of the segment involved is often necessary.